Jordan Springs.

1. Is this an example of urban consolidation or urban sprawl? Why?

This is a good example of urban sprawl because it essentially is a propsed development site that encourages first home buyers and investors to buy into the project and develop the area into a new residential suburb rather than develop an existing one.

2. Do you think that this development is positive or negative for the surrounding community? For Sydney? For Australia?

I think that this propsed development is negative for Sydney and Australia due to the new resources that will have to accomodate for the area such as transport and electricity but it will also benefit the community by providing a relatively affordable location for people looking to purchase land.

Urban renew and decay.

1. Aesthetics - outward appearance: the way something looks, especially when considered in terms of how pleasing it is.

This in an example of aesthetics because it is an approach to urban development that is pleasing to the eye.

2.Safety - Any defensive location or structure in a city, eg a seawall, a castle, city built on a hill to protect from floods

This sea wall is protecting the town from the strong waves and the hydraulic action which damages the coast.

3.Slums - a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security.

This south east asian slum shows signs of very poor living standards and characteristics of a slum.

4. Decay - Decay is the way a specific building or city lasts over time. Whether the building is still standing or whether it still looks appealing etc

These buidling show clear signs of urban decay and are in need of renovation as they look very unappealing.

5. Reconstruction and Renewal - Urban renewal is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use.



This structure is an example of urban reconstruction and renewal of an area that has decayed and lost interest.

6. Transport - Transportation planning is a field involved with the evaluation, assessment, design and siting of transportation facilities (generally streets, highways, footpaths, bike lanes and public transport lines).

This highway is an example transportation planning on a relatively small scale as transportation planning can be used for entire cities.

7. Suburbanization - a term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities

This photo shows a good example of urbanisation as the houses in this photo are very compacted and similar.

8. Environmental Factors -  the process of facilitating decision making to carry out development with due consideration given to the natural environmental, social, political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic frame work to achieve sustainable outcomes.

This house in very environmentally friendly and it takes environmental factors into account and uses them for benefit.

9. Light and Sound - The 'pollution' of light and sound throughout a city or urban area. This can also be the lack of light e.g. a building blocks out the sun making a part of the city in shade for 90% of the day.

9.1 Australia the urban nation

1. What is mean by the term 'urabn sprawl'?

Urban sprawl refers to when a city becomes so over populated that it is forced to move outwards and create new suburbs.

2. What is meant by the term 'urban consolidation'?

Urban consolidaiton refers to strategies used to make better use of existing urban infrastructure such as builidng apartment blocks instead of housing.

3. What is meant by a highly urbanised country?

A highly urbanised country is a country that has a very high population density per km squared.

4. List three statistics that suggest Australia is a highly urbanised country.

•  65% of Australias population lives in capital cities.
•  92% live in urban areas
•  Sydneys population density is 2076 people per square kilometre.

5. What factors have influenced the location of Australias captial cities.

The main factors that influences Australias captital cities is the location of resources and a major water source which is why the majority of the capital cities are on the coast of Australia.

6. What is population density and how is it related to urban sprawl?

Population density is the average amount of people living in an area of a square kilometre.

7. How do Australian cities compare to other cities in the world in terms of their population density?

Australian cities compared to other cities around the world are dramatically lower in population density and our highest is 2076 which is very low compared to cities like mumbai and cairo.

8. Describe the advantage, in terms of the provision of infrastructure, urban consolidation has over urban sprawl?

Things such as public transport, electricity, electricity and water supplies are already built for the developments and therefore are easier to accomodate for the influx of people.

9. How have urban planners responded to the issue of urban sprawl in Australia?

Urban planners have responded to the issue of urban sprawl in Autralia by using urban consolidation is thinly populated urban areas and also by expanding and creating new suburbs.

10. a) Melbourne
      b) Population divided by the land area (km squared)
      c) Sydney - Melbourne - Adelaide - Wollongong - Perth - Gold Coast - Newcastle - Canberra - Brisbane - Gosford.

11) The new apartment buildings will have a very strong impact on the preexisting housing because they will alter the natural light that reaches the houses and will also prove to be eyesores for the local residents.

12) Living in detached housing is more traditional and is a lot more convinient than apartments which usually require more maintenance and also short term leases.

7.8 Dune revegetation at stuarts point.

1. The coastal management dune area discussed in the this unit is located in Stuarts Point which is a village located on the mid-north coast of New South Wales.

2.

3. Describe the role of the local community in managing the sand dune area.

The local community is responsible for ensuring that the sand dune area is safe and continues to be healthy so that the dunes can provide tourism for stuarts point and also because they help the fishing industry. An example of the community helping was in May 1965 they provided native plant seedlings and planting advice to the progress association of Stuarts Point in what was to be the start of the revegetation program for the dunes. 

4. The sand dunes are important to the people of stuarts point because they provide a scenic attraction to the town which provides them with tourism that benefits the local economy and residents. They are also concerned about maintaining the dune because of the history and relevence to the town.

5. In 7.35 the vegetation progressively gets denser and more populated starting out with grasses and creepers then shrubs and short trees and finally long lived tall trees.

6. The vegetation provides support in form of when the roots from the vegetation hold the dune in place and stop it from being washed away easily and the vegetation on the top stop the sand being blown away by strong winds and intern are important for the wellbeing of the plants. 

7. The cattle started to graze on the vegetation which intern disrupted the natural protection that the vegetation brings. 

8. After the cattle grazed on the vegetation they would have caused serious damage to the dunes and changed geographical processes that affect the dunes. 

9. Department of Lands, the Department of Public Works, the Macleay Shire Council, and the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales

10.  1 - Tractor forms a small foredune roughly 2metres high.

       2 - Fence then constructed to help trap the wind blown sand dune.

       3 - Trees planted along the river bank to stabilise the western margin of the area.

       4 - Natural species planted such as banksia, melaleuca and leptospermum.

12. The geographical process of lonshore drift has caused the river mouth to silt up in 1900. 

13. a) The revegetation program was successful to for the sand dunes because it effectively stabilised the dune via means of replanting vegetation and keeping the process natural.

      b) As well as the dunes the macleay river ecosystem also benefited naturally as a result of the revegetation program.

      c)The local groups in the community now had the dunes restabilised and once again were a popular tourist attraction for their town.

14. The vegetation on the sand dunes is highly important and necessary for them because it  protects the dune from being blown away by winds and the succession of vegetation protects the bare beach dunes that are more likely to be damaged. The grasses and creepers protect the incipient dune while the shrubs and short trees protect the fore dune and lastly the tall trees protect the hind dune. Strong winds and the geographical process of longshore drift can cause the sand dunes to move inland. The coastal management option of closing the dunes and replanting the vegetation will stabilise the sand.

 

TRESB project

The TRESBP(Tweed River entrance sand bypassing project) was a coastal management strategy put into place in Tweed Heads NSW.

The problem that made this management strategy occured during the 1950s when the entrance of the Tweed River became a hazard to shipping because of the frequent sandbars that were forming across the entrance of the river mouth.

The initial solution to the problem was to construct breakwaters that would stop the buildup of sand the entrance of the river mouth and although it was at first sucessful this solution itself caused problems due to the new buildup of sand around the breakwaters which interfered with the natural process of longshore drift and the supply of sand to beaches on the north of the Tweed River.

The solution to this new problem of sand buildup was to build a mechanism that would pump the sand around the breakwaters to the surronding beaches of the local area and also to dredge some of the sand north to the gold coast where the beaches were scarce of sand.